陈独秀与李大钊人权思想之比较

作为中国共产党早期重要的领袖与理论家,陈独秀和李大钊不仅高举人权旗帜,宣传人权理论,同时也接受了社会主义理论和无产阶级专政学说。研究他的人权思想的共性与差别,对总结二人在中国近现代思想史上的重要地位。与此同时,他们的人权思想也为在新的历史条件下高举人权旗帜,推进社会主义民主理论和实践的发展,构建社会主义和谐社会有着可借鉴的现实意义。     

Use of human wastes oxidized to different degrees in cultivation of higher plants on the soil-like substrate intended for closed ecosystems

To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H₂O₂ in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H₂O₂: 1 ml/g of feces and 0.25 ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole.     

关于检修分离的航空维修管理模式探讨

以维修过程中的人因研究为出发点,以“三漏”管理为例,从检修分离的理论依据、实施过程和实践成效等三个方面,尝试探索一种创新的人性化管理模式.     

光电二极管的地球反照光校正及卫星姿态估计

光电二极管作为体积小、成本低的太阳敏感器,可以结合地球敏感器进行卫星三轴姿态估计,但是地球反照光对其具有严重的影响,从而限制了其应用,然而地球反照光数学模型应用复杂。针对此问题,首先建立了一种简化的光电二极管量测模型,将地球反照光设成动态偏置项补偿在光电二极管模型中,并将误差建模为混合高斯噪声。然后应用滑窗估计和随机权重策略动态估计和更新模型中的参数。同时,采用多比例因子分别估计各光电二极管的地球反照光影响,并引入Huber影响函数处理异常值,从而提高了算法鲁棒性和参数估计精度。实验结果表明,采用地球反照光校正的光电二极管量测模型和无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法可实现卫星的高精度姿态估计,三轴姿态精度能达到0.2°~0.3°。      

航天员失重环境下运动策略与效能分析

航天员在空间执行任务过程中由于受到空间微重力环境的影响,其运动的协调性以及平衡性均会与地面环境下的表现有所差异.以研究失重环境下航天员运动特点为目标,对航天员姿态调整策略进行动力学分析,并对运动过程人体效能进行评价.具体而言,在无外力/力矩驱动下,人体必须依靠四肢按一定的协调运动策略才能实现对躯干姿态的主动控制.而运动...     

考虑组织因素的航空维修差错产生机理分析

为有效防范航空维修差错的发生,从组织因素角度对航空维修差错产生机理进行分析,在对组织因素影响维修差错作用关系分析的基础上,建立了组织因素导致维修差错的成因机理分析模型,从差错产生的潜伏阶段、发生阶段、纠正或扩展阶段和致灾阶段4个阶段对差错产生的演化过程进行了分析,进一步构建了组织层面的维修差错防控体系,为维修差错的系统...     

远场应变法测量应力强度因子

本文给出一种将常规电阻应变片贴在距裂纹尖端较远处测量Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子K_1的方法。此法实际上是一种实验法与数值法相结合的方法。用实验法测出应变,应变又可以用含待定系数的Williams级数表示,它们组成一组线性代数方程组。解此方程组,可获得待定系数,由待定系数与应力强度因子的已知关系,可求出K_1。 远场应变测量法,避开了裂纹尖端邻域应变梯度很大的区域和可能的塑性区,因而应变测量比较准确。 测出的应变输入数据处理设备及计算机就可以快速实时地知道含裂纹结构在承载情况的K_1,便于进行破坏控制,使设备安全而可靠的工作。     

Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

复杂载荷下偏心穿透裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法

提出了三维矩形平板内偏心穿透裂纹承受复杂非线性载荷下,仅含有3个系数的通用权函数。采用有限元法获得了三维矩形平板裂纹体模型下的3组参考应力强度因子,结合二元拉格朗日插值法获得了通用权函数系数。进行了自洽性验证以及裂纹面上承受简单3次、5次、7次、复杂幂函数应力分布和残余应力分布下通用权函数的验证。结果表明,通用权函数的自洽性误差在0.9%以内;裂纹面上承受复杂幂函数应力分布时,通用权函数法的误差在4.5%以内;裂纹面承受残余应力分布载荷时,通用权函数法的误差在8.5%以内。说明所提出的通用权函数具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程中高效、准确地计算偏心穿透裂纹承受任意复杂非线性载荷下的应力强度因子需求。      

基于可编程逻辑控制器的超声电机测试系统设计

为了给工程技术人员提供易于操控的超声电机特性测试设备,设计了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的测试系统。根据超声电机常用的特性要求,利用力矩传感器输出的脉冲信号,通过PLC的高速输入口,用梯形图实现力矩和转速的采集和显示。通过可编程逻辑控制器配套的人机界面,实现了触摸屏对超声电机的测试进行操作。测试系统能够完成超声电机机械特性测试、超声电机自动加减载测试、超声电机带负载起动特性测试和超声电机手动测试等4种模式。通过试验对该系统进行验证,达到易于操作的要求。